Emilio Herrera Linares: The Spanish scientist who inspired the space suit

Emilio Herrera Linares (1879-1967) is one of the most prominent names in the history of science in Spain, although his legacy has been overshadowed for decades. An engineer, physicist and aviator, Herrera was a pioneer of aerospace research and a precursor of innovations that laid the foundations for modern space exploration. His most famous invention, the stratonautical diving suitis considered a precursor to the space suit.

Emilio Herrera Linares was born on February 13, 1879 in Granada, Spain. From a young age he showed an inclination for science and engineering, which led him to enter the Academy of Engineers of Guadalajara, where he graduated with honors.

He soon stood out in the field of aviation and physics, which made him one of the pioneers of aeronautical development in Spain. His passion for flight and technology would set the course of his career.

The invention of the stratonautical diving suit

In the 1930s, Herrera began to design what would be his most revolutionary work: the stratonautical diving suita pressurized suit designed to protect pilots on flights at extreme altitudes. This suit, developed between 1935 and 1936, incorporated innovations such as:

• Thermal insulation: To withstand the low temperatures of the stratosphere.
• Pressurization system: Essential to maintain vital conditions in environments with low atmospheric pressure.
• Joint flexibility: Allowing mobility even under pressure.

Although never tested due to the Spanish Civil War, this design later inspired the spacesuits used by NASA and other space agencies.

(Photo: Nationaal Archief/Wikimedia Commons)

Scientific and technological contributions

In addition to the diving suit, Emilio Herrera made important contributions in various fields:

1. Research at altitude: He participated in studies to understand atmospheric conditions at high altitudes, essential for aviation and space exploration.
2. Military aeronautics: He collaborated in the design and improvement of aircraft at a time when aviation was booming.
3. Philosophy of science: He published articles reflecting on the impact of technological advances on humanity.

The Civil War and exile

The Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) marked a turning point in Herrera’s life. Faithful to the Republic, he had to go into exile after Franco’s victory. He moved first to France and then to other countries, where he continued his scientific work, although without the necessary resources to carry out his large-scale projects.

Despite the difficulties, he maintained contact with international scientists and continued to develop ideas about space exploration.

Recognitions and legacy

Throughout his life, Emilio Herrera received international recognition, although his figure was relegated in his own country due to his exile. However, its impact on science is undeniable:

• Influence on the space race: NASA and the Soviet space agency studied his designs for the development of space suits.
• Inspiration for future generations: His work is an example of how innovation and creativity can overcome the barriers of political and economic adversities.
• Late recognition: In recent decades, Spain has begun to reclaim his figure, with tributes, exhibitions and books dedicated to his life and work.