Black soil, the most fertile soil in the world

Often called the “panda of farmland,” black soil, recognized as one of the most fertile soils in the world, is vital for growing rice, corn, soybeans and sorghum. In China, it is found mainly in the northeastern regions, a key area for grain production.

Black soil is a dark, humus-rich top layer that is highly fertile and ideal for agriculture. However, it is scarce, covering less than 7 percent of the world’s land surface. In northeastern China, it accounts for about 12 percent of the global total, spanning Heilongjiang, Jilin and Liaoning provinces as well as the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.

The formation of black soil is a long process involving the accumulation, decomposition, leaching and deposition of humus. It can take 200 to 400 years to form a layer of soil just one centimetre thick, making it a precious resource.

The Torch Festival of the Yi ethnic group in China

The raw material grown on black soil is known for its unique quality, thanks to the exceptional soil properties and favorable climatic conditions. The continental monsoon climate in the northeastern region of Chinawith a growing season of around five months, provides abundant sunlight, heat and rainfall in summer, promoting crop growth. In addition, the long, cold and dry winters reduce pest problems and minimise the need for pesticides.

Despite these advantages, China’s black soil faces degradation due to land development and overuse. Recognizing its importance, the nation has taken steps to preserve and utilize this vital resource. In 2022, a black soil protection law was enacted to secure China’s grain supply and safeguard the ecosystem.

Through technological innovation, the demonstration and promotion of new techniques, and the implementation of protective policies, significant progress has been made in safeguarding the future of black soil.