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The tightening of economic sanctions under Donald Trump and the pandemic have hit the Cuban economy hard in recent years, and have led more than 277,000 Cubans to leave their country to emigrate to the United States. It is the largest Cuban exile and will have consequences on the demography of the country.
The US authorities highlight that, since December 1, 2021, more than 277,000 Cubans have tried to enter the United States illegally, tired of food shortages, endless waiting lines at pharmacies, blackouts and repression. politics. This exodus exceeds that of Mariel in 1980 and the crisis of the rafters of 1994.
“The productive apparatus of the country is collapsed, it is obsolete. In the case of industry, it is insufficient, and in the case of agriculture, the country is experiencing a hyper-inflationary situation. All this tremendously hits the less favored sectors, the lower-income sectors and there is simply a crisis of hope,” Mauricio de Miranda, a Cuban economics professor at the Javeriana University of Cali in Colombia and a critic of the president’s policy, told RFI. Diaz-Canel.
“Many young people have come to the conclusion that they have no future options in their country. Housing prices, car prices, have been depressed, because a lot of people were selling their houses to raise enough money to pay everything that has to be paid to get out, ”he points out.
“A social bomb”
The 277,000 Cuban emigrants in 2022 represent 2.5% of the island’s population. Those who leave Cuba, says de Miranda, are part of the country’s labor force. “The Cuban population ages because it has been reaching a higher life expectancy, and in addition to that, there is a low birth rate. It is really a social bomb, a demographic problem that affects a country with an impressive level of underdevelopment and with a productive sector that is not capable of assuring the material needs of society”, underlines the economist.
On December 18, nine Cubans disappeared in a shipwreck while trying to reach the Florida coast. Others try to reach the United States risking their lives crossing Central America.
