Science and Tech

Unpublished organic compounds in a Martian meteorite

Photograph of the Tissint meteorite, courtesy of Kurt Kracher, Natural History Museum, Vienna.


Photograph of the Tissint meteorite, courtesy of Kurt Kracher, Natural History Museum, Vienna. -KURT KRACHER, NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM VIENNA.

12 Jan. () –

The Tissint Martian Meteorite which crashed in Morocco more than 11 years agocontains an enormous diversity of organic compounds, some unprecedented in relation to the red planet.

Tissint is one of five Martian meteorites that have been observed falling to Earth. Pieces were found scattered in the desert about 50 kilometers from the city that gives it its name.

This Martian rock sample formed hundreds of millions of years ago on our planetary next-door neighbor and was hurled into space by a violent event. Unraveling the origin of organic compounds from the Tissint meteorite may help scientists understand whether the Red Planet once hosted life, as well as the geological history of the Earth.

Mars and Earth share many aspects of their evolution.ion,” says the study’s lead author, TU Munich researcher Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin. “And while life arose and thrived on our home planet, the question of whether it ever existed on Mars is a topic of research. very hot that requires a deeper understanding of the water, organic molecules and reactive surfaces of our neighboring planet”.

Organic molecules contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and sometimes other elements. Organic compounds are commonly associated with life, although previous research on Martian meteorites has shown that they can be created by non-biological processes, what is known as abiotic organic chemistry.

“Understanding the processes and sequence of events that shaped this rich organic abundance will reveal new details about the habitability of Mars and, potentially, about the reactions that could lead to the formation of lifeadded co-author Andrew Steele of the Carnegie Institution, who has extensively investigated organic material from Martian meteorites, including Tissint, and is a member of the Perseverance and Curiosity rover science teams.

The researchers were able to thoroughly analyze the organic inventory of the meteorite, revealing a link between the type and diversity of organic molecules and a specific mineralogy. His efforts resulted in the most complete catalog ever made of the diversity of organic compounds found in a Martian meteorite or in a sample collected and analyzed by a rover.

This work, published in Science Advancesrevealed details about the evolution of processes taking place in the mantle and crust of Mars, especially with regard to abiotic organic compounds that formed from the interactions between water and rock.

MAGNESIUM COMPOUNDS UNPRETED ON MARS

Of particular interest was the abundance of organic magnesium compounds, a set of organic molecules that had not been seen before on Mars and that offer new insights into the high-pressure, high-temperature geochemistry that shaped the Red Planet’s deep interior. and indicates a connection between his carbon cycle and his mineral evolution.

The researchers say that samples returned from Mars by future missions should provide an unprecedented amount of information about the formation, stability, and dynamics of organic compounds in real Martian environments.

Source link