Japan bets on piezoelectric energy to generate electricity

In the search for sustainable energy sources, Japan has decided to implement the use of innovative piezoelectric tiles that convert mechanical pressure, such as the footsteps of passersby, into small amounts of energy.

As its name indicates, this technology takes advantage of the piezoelectric effect, a phenomenon by which certain materials generate an electrical charge when pressure or mechanical stress is applied to them. The implementation of these tiles in high traffic areas, such as train stations and other public spaces, has sparked great interest, as they could prove to be a significant renewable energy source.

The tiles were created with the aim of taking advantage of people’s daily movements to create energy in an environmentally friendly way. Although the amount of electricity generated by each step is small, its accumulation in places with a large influx of pedestrians creates an important source of electricity that can be used to power lighting systems, small devices or even applications near the tiles.

How piezoelectric tile technology works

The piezoelectric effect was discovered in the 19th century by the Curie brothers. They observed how some materials, such as quartz, generated electricity when subjected to pressure. Since then, technological advances have been developed to allow this phenomenon to be harnessed to generate electricity from everyday mechanical sources, such as people’s footsteps.

The basis of this technology lies in the ability of certain materials, such as barium titanate or zinc oxide, to produce electrical charges when mechanical force is applied to them.

Piezoelectric tiles are typically made of ceramic or polymer materials with piezoelectric properties and are easily integrated into urban environments without the need for complex infrastructure.

The process is simple: when a person steps on the tile, it generates a small amount of electricity. Through a conditioning circuit, current is stored or immediately used in low-power systems, such as LED lights in train stations or sensors in public spaces.

Some of the greatest advantages of these innovative tiles is that their implementation contributes to reducing dependence on conventional energy sources and, therefore, the carbon footprint. In addition, they take advantage of a resource that is normally “wasted”: human movement.

Japanbeing one of the most densely populated countries, is presented as the ideal scenario to implement this technology in high traffic areas. Train stations usually receive millions of people daily, so they could become one of the places that generate the most renewable energy.

Another promising application of this technology is the possibility of integrating it into commercial and corporate spaces, where the constant flow of people can generate electricity that is then used to power emergency lighting systems or digital displays.

Limitations and challenges of piezoelectric technology

While piezoelectric tiles offer a promising path toward energy sustainability, they also present some challenges. One of the main problems is the limited amount of energy that can be generated per step. Unlike other renewable energy sources, such as solar or wind, piezoelectric energy has a relatively low power density. This means that although it is useful for low-power devices, it is not viable for power-hungry applications.

Another challenge, and this could be the main obstacle for people deciding to use them, is the cost of implementation. Piezoelectric tiles and the circuits needed to collect and store the electricity have a high initial cost. Additionally, constant maintenance is required to ensure that the tiles continue to function efficiently in high traffic areas.

However, feasibility studies have been carried out in Japan that show positive results. In train stations, the benefits in terms of reducing energy costs and promoting a sustainable image have been significant.

This suggests that as materials and technology costs decrease, the implementation of piezoelectric tiles could expand to other urban areas.

The importance of piezoelectric technology in the world

As the world population grows and the demand for energy increases and although the energy they generate is not as much, piezoelectric tiles represent a solution that takes advantage of the movement of people to generate electricity.

It is possible to introduce this technology in crowded public places, without interfering with daily activities and, to a lesser or greater extent, contributing to taking care of our planet little by little.

Japan, a leader in technological innovation, has demonstrated how this technology can be integrated into everyday life discreetly and effectively.

Achieving greater adoption of piezoelectric tiles requires collaboration between the public and private sectors, as well as investment in research and development. Additionally, combining piezoelectric technology with other renewable energy sources such as solar could maximize energy efficiency in outdoor spaces.