Fluoride in your daily life: importance and precautions

Fluorine, a chemical element found naturally on Earth, has been the subject of numerous studies and debates in recent decades. Its presence in our daily lives, especially in oral hygiene products, has generated both benefits and questions about its safety and effectiveness.

Fluoride is found naturally in water, soil and in some foods such as tea and fish. However, the amount of fluorine present in these elements varies considerably depending on the region. To ensure adequate intake of this mineral, fluoride has been added to drinking water in many cities and to oral hygiene products such as toothpaste.

Fluoride plays a fundamental role in dental health. When incorporated into tooth enamel, it strengthens it and makes it more resistant to the attack of bacteria that cause cavities. In this way, fluoride helps prevent the formation of cavities and maintain a healthy smile.

Among its most common applications are:

• dental products: Toothpaste, mouthwashes and fluoride varnishes.
• Water supply: In some countries, fluoride is added to drinking water to promote dental health.
• Food: Present in small quantities in certain foods such as fish and tea.

Its use is regulated, but excessive exposure can entail risks depending on its origin and concentration.

The role of fluoride in oral health

Fluoride plays an essential role in preventing tooth decay and strengthening tooth enamel. This mineral occurs naturally in water, soil, and certain foods, and is widely used in oral hygiene products such as toothpastes and rinses.

The main functions of fluorine include:

• Strengthening tooth enamel: When incorporated into the structure of the enamel, it makes teeth more resistant to the attack of acids produced by bacteria.
• cavity prevention: Reduces the development of cavities by inhibiting demineralization and promoting the remineralization of incipient lesions in the enamel.
• Antimicrobial action: Helps control bacterial activity in the oral cavity, particularly that of bacteria responsible for generating acid.

Its use is also associated with topical application through professional treatments, such as fluorinated varnishes and gels. Despite its benefits, excess can cause fluorosis, so it is recommended to use it in moderation and under professional guidance.

Common sources of fluoride exposure

Fluoride, a widely used mineral, is present in several sources that people come into contact with in their daily lives. These include:

• Fluoridated drinking water: Many public water systems add fluoride to prevent tooth decay. It is one of the most common sources of exposure.
• Toothpaste and mouthwash: Dental care products almost always contain fluoride to strengthen tooth enamel.
• Food and drinks: Some processed foods and drinks made with fluoridated water may contain small amounts of fluoride.
• Fluoride supplements: Used especially in children where drinking water lacks fluoride.
• Tea and soft bone fish: These contain fluoride naturally in higher concentration.
• Industrial products: Fluoride is present in certain fertilizers and pesticides used in agriculture.

These sources vary depending on local environment and practices. It is important to identify the amount ingested from these different sources.

Benefits of fluoride in small quantities

Fluoride, in controlled doses, plays an essential role in dental and bone health. Its main benefit is the ability to strengthen tooth enamel, making it more resistant to the attack of acids and bacteria that cause cavities. Additionally, it helps remineralize damaged tooth surfaces by attracting essential minerals such as calcium and phosphate.

Other proven benefits of fluoride include:

• Tooth decay prevention: Reduces the incidence of cavities in children and adults.
• Dental guards: Strengthens teeth against chemical erosions.
• Early care: It is particularly effective in the formation of healthy teeth in childhood.

However, it is essential to regulate its use to avoid adverse effects such as fluorosis.

Risks associated with excess fluoride

Excessive fluoride consumption can have adverse health effects in both children and adults. Some of the main risks include:

• Dental fluorosis: Prolonged exposure to high levels of fluoride during tooth formation can cause white or brown spots on tooth enamel, weakening tooth structure.
• Skeletal fluorosis: In extreme cases, high fluoride intake can harden and weaken bones, causing joint pain and increasing the risk of fractures.
• Systemic reactions: Excess fluoride can interfere with normal metabolic functions, affecting organs such as the kidneys and thyroid gland.

It is crucial to monitor fluoride sources, such as water, toothpaste, and supplements, to balance its benefits and avoid potential long-term damage.

Fluorosis: causes, symptoms and prevention

Fluorosis is an alteration in tooth enamel caused by excessive exposure to fluoride during tooth formation, especially in childhood.

Causes

• Intake of water with high levels of fluoride.
• Excessive use of fluoridated toothpaste in young children.
• Consumption of fluoride supplements without medical supervision.

Symptoms

• White or brown spots on the teeth.
• Dull or rough enamel surface.
• In severe cases, weakening of the enamel and tooth erosion.

Prevention

1. Monitor fluoride levels in drinking water.
2. Use toothpastes with concentrations appropriate for children.
3. Supervise the use of products with fluoride in children under 8 years of age.
4. Consult the dentist to evaluate specific needs.

Use of fluorinated products: practical recommendations

The use of fluoridated products, such as toothpastes, mouthwashes and varnishes, requires specific precautions to maximize their effectiveness and minimize risks. It is essential to adhere to the recommended concentrations according to age and personal needs.

• In young children: Use an amount equivalent to a grain of rice in toothpaste with fluoride to avoid excessive intake. Supervise brushing to ensure they do not swallow the product.
• In adults: Select toothpastes with 1,000 to 1,500 ppm fluoride for daily care.
• Mouthwashes: Reserve for people over 6 years old and follow the manufacturer’s recommendations.

Excess fluoride can cause fluorosis; Therefore, it is important to consult a dentist about its proper use.

The debate over fluoride in drinking water

The addition of fluoride to drinking water has generated a global debate involving scientific, public health, and environmental perspectives. On the one hand, many experts point out that fluoridation helps prevent dental cavities, being especially effective in communities with limited access to dental care. Currently, the World Health Organization (WHO) supports its use at controlled levels as a public health measure.

However, critics argue that excess fluoride could cause dental fluorosis, characterized by stains on the teeth, and in extreme cases, could be linked to bone conditions. Ethical concerns are also raised about mandatory administration in water supply, considering this as a limitation on individual consent.

How to maintain a proper balance in fluoride intake

Maintaining a balance in fluoride consumption is essential to avoid both dental cavities and conditions related to its excess.

• Know your water source: Identify if your home’s drinking water is fluoridated and how much. Optimal concentrations are usually 0.7 to 1.2 ppm (parts per million).
• Choose suitable dental products: Use toothpastes and mouthwashes with fluoride content, always following the manufacturer’s recommendations.
• Control diet: Some processed foods, such as certain teas and beverages, may contain fluoride; consume them in moderation.
• Take care of intake in children: Avoid excessive use of fluoride products in minors to prevent dental fluorosis.

Consulting with a dentist will help personalize and monitor your fluoride intake.

Ambientum Editorial