Technological progress, in most cases according to the literature, does not destroy jobs, but transforms them. Technological unemployment occurs when technological advances cause some workers to lose their jobs in one field, but also increase the demand for jobs in another. So if the labor market is flexible enough, technological innovation has the effect of changing the types of jobs the economy demands.
It is essential to update the education and training of workers, focusing on the development of complex skills that are difficult to automate, such as creativity and critical thinking. Adaptability and labor mobility are essential, so it is crucial that workers acquire transferable skills. An interdisciplinary educational approach, such as STEAM education, is highly recommended.
The OECD highlights the importance of 21st century skills such as critical thinking, problem solving, communication, collaboration, creativity and innovation. In addition, it stresses the importance of digital literacy skills, as well as personal and professional life skills. These factors can help workers succeed in today’s rapidly changing job market and prepare for the future of work.
It is difficult and premature to predict exactly what skills will be essential in the future of work. AI also automates specialized tasks, so simply acquiring higher levels of academic training will not be enough. Continuous training, specialization in the management of these technologies and development of complementary skills will be required. Automation will continue to be a major force in the labor market, generating data at increasing rates and becoming more complex in its interactions. That is why workers must develop skills that allow us to thrive in a world driven by information and data and adapt to this increasingly automated and dynamic market.
No less important is that companies and political leaders anticipate the changes that technology brings about. Given the uncertain nature of the impact of these innovations on the future of work, it is prudent for leaders to develop a decision framework that prioritizes resilience to unforeseen scenarios. As history has shown, technology can be a powerful force for human progress and well-being, as long as it is used responsibly and ethically.
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