Sea sponges: The engineers of the oceans

Marine sponges, also known as Porifera, are ancient organisms that have inhabited the seabed for more than 600 million years. Although they often go unnoticed due to their simple appearance, they play a crucial role in aquatic ecosystems.

Marine sponges are aquatic animals that belong to the phylum Porifera. These multicellular creatures lack true tissues and organs, but possess a highly efficient body structure. They are made up of a system of channels and chambers that allow the circulation of water, through which they obtain nutrients and oxygen.

Diversity and Habitats

There are more than 8,500 species of marine sponges identified so far, which vary in shape, size and color. They are found in all seas and oceans, from shallow waters to abyssal depths. Some species can also live in fresh waters.

The Ecological Role of Sponges

-Water Filtration: Sponges are excellent filterers, capable of processing thousands of liters of water per day. This process helps maintain water clarity and quality by removing organic particles and bacteria.

-Nutrient Cycle: They contribute to the recycling of nutrients in marine ecosystems by transforming organic matter into forms accessible to other organisms.

-Habitat for Other Organisms: Many species of fish, crustaceans and other invertebrates find refuge in marine sponges, turning them into true “underwater cities.”

(Photo: Albert Kok/Wikimedia Commons)

Scientific and Biotechnological Applications

-Drug Discovery: Sea sponges are a rich source of bioactive compounds with antibacterial, antiviral and anticancer properties. Some drugs developed from their secondary metabolites are used in treatments against cancer and infectious diseases.

-Biomaterials: Its porous and resistant structure inspires the development of new materials for engineering and medicine, such as scaffolds for bone regeneration.

-Environmental Health Indicators: Being sensitive to changes in water quality, marine sponges act as bioindicators, warning about pollution or climate changes.

Conservation

Despite their importance, marine sponges face threats such as pollution, destructive fishing and climate change. The acidification of the oceans and the increase in marine temperatures affect their survival and the biodiversity they host. It is essential to promote research and conservation strategies to protect these key organisms.